This policy brief describes the need and benefits of globally harmonized standards and certification processes across the hydrogen value chain Digital certification tools and practices will play an important role, automating and simplifying processes while potentially supporting different definitions, certificates, sustainability frameworks and carbon accounting methodologies. Increasing harmonization will facilitate both project financing and interoperability, […]
This report analyzes financing gaps in PtX projects in non-OECD countries, highlighting challenges and success factors based on insights from project developers, financial institutions, and other stakeholders. The PtX market in these regions remains in a nascent stage, with limited project experience and activities. While over $240 billion in global investments have been announced, non-OECD […]
This report analyzes the legal feasibility of financing mechanisms for PtX CfD windows under three key frameworks: European State aid law, the EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation, and WTO law. Under State aid law, financial contributions to PtX CfD windows may qualify as State aid, requiring compatibility with internal market rules based on the Guidelines on […]
This study analyzes the economic and regulatory dynamics influencing the competitiveness of renewable hydrogen and PtX products in Germany and the EU. It evaluates key policies such as the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), Renewable Energy Directive (RED), and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). Economic assessments show that renewable hydrogen can already be cost-competitive with natural gas at current carbon prices but remains less competitive compared to coal and kerosene. The report emphasizes that uncertain fossil fuel prices and carbon pricing uncertainties hinder investment. Targeted support and infrastructure development are critical to accelerate the adoption of renewable hydrogen and PtX.
The supply chains for renewable hydrogen and its derivatives are long, complex and often span multiple jurisdictions. Analyzing the ideal-typical renewable ammonia supply chain highlights enormous challenges in a highly uncertain market, including 1) information problems, 2) motivation or incentive problems, and 3) investment synchronization. During the build-up of structures, commercial risks must be managed […]
H2Global is an innovative instrument to promote a timely and effective technology and market ramp-up of green hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives. The German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection (BMWK) provides funding of EUR 900 million for the first ‘funding window’ of the auction-based instrument. This first ‘funding window’ is dedicated to the procurement of green products from partner countries outside the European Union (EU) and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The implementation and further development of H2Global is carried out by the non-profit H2Global Foundation, whose subsidiary, Hintco, uses the funding provided to compensate for the difference between supply and demand prices.
This paper analyses the Hydrogen Accelerator proposed in the European Commission’s REPowerEU common action plan and suggests concrete additional EU actions are needed to realize its ’20-Mton-hydrogen-target-by-2030.’ Key recommendations include establishing a European Hydrogen Cross-Border Infrastructure and Storage Facility that complements those of EU Member States, to develop pipelines, port facilities, and strategic hydrogen reserves. Further actions involve developing hydrogen demand per geographical area through ‘gas-to-hydrogen infrastructure conversion,’ creating a temporary Global European Hydrogen Facility to support domestic production and imports of renewable hydrogen, and having the Global European Hydrogen Facility use the H2Global mechanism to strengthen market liquidity and supply.