Clean hydrogen and its derivatives are poised to become a cornerstone of the global energytransition, offering pathways for green industrialization and deep decarbonization. For economies heavily reliant on fossil fuels, such as Zimbabwe, this shift presents a unique opportunity to address persistent energy insecurity and foster socioeconomic development. However, realizing this potential requires navigating significant […]
Clean hydrogen is emerging as a strategic element in a global energy transition increasingly shaped by geopolitical rivalry and shifting supply-chain priorities. This report explores how these dynamics are redefining Africa’s role in the global energy landscape. With exceptional renewable resources and proximity to major demand centers, Africa has the potential to become a significant […]
Clean hydrogen is set to become a cornerstone of global decarbonization efforts, particularly across hard-to-abate sectors. Yet the potential for low-cost production and the location of major demand centers are unevenly distributed, leaving many countries heavily reliant on imports. This report quantifies the hydrogen infrastructure gap through 2035 across Northwestern Europe, Japan, and South Korea. […]
Clean hydrogen and its derivatives are vital to the global energy transition, yet their success depends as much on social acceptance as on technology and economics. Unlike conventional hydrogen production, the emerging clean hydrogen industry will operate across regions and borders, engaging directly with new communities. This report explores the importance of the Social License […]
Public discussions on clean hydrogen have largely centered on supply-side policies. However, suppliers continue to face challenges in securing firm offtake agreements. This report explores the role of demand support instruments in stimulating the demand for clean hydrogen. It assesses thirteen key risks faced by potential offtakers and analyzes thirty-one demand-side instruments that can mitigate these risks across nine hard-to-abate sectors. The report features case studies […]
Africa holds immense promise for low-cost renewable hydrogen production. Yet Africa’s diversity means countries have different starting points for developing a hydrogen economy and driving green industrialization.This research introduces a comprehensive framework to evaluate countries’ readiness, incorporating five key dimensions: water and renewable energy potential; national hydrogen commitment; domestic anchor demand; country risk; and export infrastructure. Through an innovative country clustering analysis, this report identifies three groupings with potential for hydrogen market creation: front runners; momentum builders; and strong foundation. Concrete policy recommendations are made for each group and case studies illustrate the outcomes.
Clean hydrogen is set to become a critical pillar of the global transition towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, Kenya has identified renewable hydrogen as a strategic opportunity for sustainable socio-economic development, as outlined in its 2023 national hydrogen strategy. This H2Global report explores concrete business cases for renewable hydrogen-based ammonia production in […]
Clean hydrogen and its derivatives are poised to become a cornerstone of the global energytransition, offering pathways for green industrialization and deep decarbonization. For economies heavily reliant on fossil fuels, such as Zimbabwe, this shift presents a unique opportunity to address persistent energy insecurity and foster socioeconomic development. However, realizing this potential requires navigating significant […]
Clean hydrogen is emerging as a strategic element in a global energy transition increasingly shaped by geopolitical rivalry and shifting supply-chain priorities. This report explores how these dynamics are redefining Africa’s role in the global energy landscape. With exceptional renewable resources and proximity to major demand centers, Africa has the potential to become a significant […]
Clean hydrogen is set to become a cornerstone of global decarbonization efforts, particularly across hard-to-abate sectors. Yet the potential for low-cost production and the location of major demand centers are unevenly distributed, leaving many countries heavily reliant on imports. This report quantifies the hydrogen infrastructure gap through 2035 across Northwestern Europe, Japan, and South Korea. […]
Clean hydrogen and its derivatives are vital to the global energy transition, yet their success depends as much on social acceptance as on technology and economics. Unlike conventional hydrogen production, the emerging clean hydrogen industry will operate across regions and borders, engaging directly with new communities. This report explores the importance of the Social License […]
Public discussions on clean hydrogen have largely centered on supply-side policies. However, suppliers continue to face challenges in securing firm offtake agreements. This report explores the role of demand support instruments in stimulating the demand for clean hydrogen. It assesses thirteen key risks faced by potential offtakers and analyzes thirty-one demand-side instruments that can mitigate these risks across nine hard-to-abate sectors. The report features case studies […]
Africa holds immense promise for low-cost renewable hydrogen production. Yet Africa’s diversity means countries have different starting points for developing a hydrogen economy and driving green industrialization.This research introduces a comprehensive framework to evaluate countries’ readiness, incorporating five key dimensions: water and renewable energy potential; national hydrogen commitment; domestic anchor demand; country risk; and export infrastructure. Through an innovative country clustering analysis, this report identifies three groupings with potential for hydrogen market creation: front runners; momentum builders; and strong foundation. Concrete policy recommendations are made for each group and case studies illustrate the outcomes.
Clean hydrogen is set to become a critical pillar of the global transition towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, Kenya has identified renewable hydrogen as a strategic opportunity for sustainable socio-economic development, as outlined in its 2023 national hydrogen strategy. This H2Global report explores concrete business cases for renewable hydrogen-based ammonia production in […]
Due to the nascent stage of hydrogen markets, efficient support allocation mechanisms like auctions are critical. Auctions enable competitive price discovery, helping stakeholders make informed decisions, and connect hydrogen supply with demand. Beyond price optimization, auctions are instrumental in advancing other objectives. The report identifies 22 distinct objectives, grouped into four thematic clusters: scaling, domestic […]
This report examines the role of hydrogen hubs as pivotal enablers of demand within the hydrogen economy, exploring their potential to bridge existing gaps that impede market growth. By anchoring clean hydrogen production and distribution within these hubs, industries can synergize efforts, promote shared infrastructure, and drive down costs through economies of scale.In this report, […]
The transition to a global hydrogen economy is critical for achieving net-zero emissions and decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors. Midstream hydrogen infrastructure—including pipelines, import terminals, reconversion facilities, and underground hydrogen storage—is projected to be the backbone of this transition, enabling large-scale trade and supply chain integration. However, this infrastructure faces a particularly large investment gap. This report […]
Report language: German) The project "Gas Infrastructure in Southeast Europe and North Africa" analyzed the hydrogen production potential from renewable energies, the use of existing gas infrastructure for hydrogen, and possible applications in countries along corridors A and E of the European Hydrogen Backbone (EHB). An analysis of the Net-Energy-Climate Plans and the expansion potential […]
This policy brief describes the need and benefits of globally harmonized standards and certification processes across the hydrogen value chain Digital certification tools and practices will play an important role, automating and simplifying processes while potentially supporting different definitions, certificates, sustainability frameworks and carbon accounting methodologies. Increasing harmonization will facilitate both project financing and interoperability, […]
This study examines the production, transport, and supply costs of key Power-to-X products for 2030, analyzing 39 globally distributed regions in 12 developing and emerging countries. It assesses renewable energy and Power-to-X production and supply cost potential through extensive country analyses, identifying promising regions and optimizing Power-to-X production pathways. The focus is on renewable electricity […]
This policy brief describes the need and benefits of globally harmonized standards and certification processes across the hydrogen value chain Digital certification tools and practices will play an important role, automating and simplifying processes while potentially supporting different definitions, certificates, sustainability frameworks and carbon accounting methodologies. Increasing harmonization will facilitate both project financing and interoperability, […]
This report analyzes financing gaps in PtX projects in non-OECD countries, highlighting challenges and success factors based on insights from project developers, financial institutions, and other stakeholders. The PtX market in these regions remains in a nascent stage, with limited project experience and activities. While over $240 billion in global investments have been announced, non-OECD […]
This report analyzes the legal feasibility of financing mechanisms for PtX CfD windows under three key frameworks: European State aid law, the EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation, and WTO law. Under State aid law, financial contributions to PtX CfD windows may qualify as State aid, requiring compatibility with internal market rules based on the Guidelines on […]
This study analyzes the economic and regulatory dynamics influencing the competitiveness of renewable hydrogen and PtX products in Germany and the EU. It evaluates key policies such as the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), Renewable Energy Directive (RED), and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). Economic assessments show that renewable hydrogen can already be cost-competitive with natural gas at current carbon prices but remains less competitive compared to coal and kerosene. The report emphasizes that uncertain fossil fuel prices and carbon pricing uncertainties hinder investment. Targeted support and infrastructure development are critical to accelerate the adoption of renewable hydrogen and PtX.
The supply chains for renewable hydrogen and its derivatives are long, complex and often span multiple jurisdictions. Analyzing the ideal-typical renewable ammonia supply chain highlights enormous challenges in a highly uncertain market, including 1) information problems, 2) motivation or incentive problems, and 3) investment synchronization. During the build-up of structures, commercial risks must be managed […]
H2Global is an innovative instrument to promote a timely and effective technology and market ramp-up of green hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives. The German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection (BMWK) provides funding of EUR 900 million for the first ‘funding window’ of the auction-based instrument. This first ‘funding window’ is dedicated to the procurement of green products from partner countries outside the European Union (EU) and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The implementation and further development of H2Global is carried out by the non-profit H2Global Foundation, whose subsidiary, Hintco, uses the funding provided to compensate for the difference between supply and demand prices.
This paper analyses the Hydrogen Accelerator proposed in the European Commission’s REPowerEU common action plan and suggests concrete additional EU actions are needed to realize its ’20-Mton-hydrogen-target-by-2030.’ Key recommendations include establishing a European Hydrogen Cross-Border Infrastructure and Storage Facility that complements those of EU Member States, to develop pipelines, port facilities, and strategic hydrogen reserves. Further actions involve developing hydrogen demand per geographical area through ‘gas-to-hydrogen infrastructure conversion,’ creating a temporary Global European Hydrogen Facility to support domestic production and imports of renewable hydrogen, and having the Global European Hydrogen Facility use the H2Global mechanism to strengthen market liquidity and supply.